Què és la grip pel nou virus A(H1N1)?
La grip pel nou virus A(H1N1) és una malaltia respiratòria contagiosa que conté elements d'un virus trobat als porcs, a les aus i als humans. Aquesta grip s'està transmetent de persona a persona en diversos països. La grip pel nou virus A(H1N1) és diferent de la grip comuna perquè està causada per un nou virus de la grip que apareix en humans.

Com es transmet la malaltia?
La transmissió de la grip pel nou virus A(H1N1) es produeix de la mateixa manera que la grip comuna, principalment de persona a persona, quan una persona malalta amb grip, tus o esternuda. A vegades, les persones poden contagiar-se en tocar un objecte que té el virus i després emportar-se les mans a la boca o el nas, sense haver-se-les netejat prèviament.
En cap cas es transmet per via digestiva, per tant no hi ha problemes en el consum de carn de porc.

Què podeu fer per protegir-vos i protegir altres persones contra la grip pel nou virus A(H1N1)?
Protegir-se amb unes bones pràctiques d'higiene. És molt important que quan tossiu o esternudeu eviteu la difusió de gèrmens:
Fer servir mocadors de paper per tapar-vos la boca i el nas despres de tossir i estornudar.
Llençar els mocadors de paper després de fer-los servir.
Rentar-nos sovint les mans amb aigua i sabó o preparats amb alcohol.
Mantenir una bona ventilació dels espais tancats.

Quin són els símptomes de la grip?
Els símptomes són: febre alta (igual o superior 38ºC), malestar general, manca de gana i tos. També pot haver-hi augment de la secreció nasal, mal de coll, nàusees, vòmits i diarrea.

A respiratory system's function is to let gas exchange. The space between the alveoli and the capillaries, the anatomy or structure of the exchange system, and the precise physiological uses of the exchanged gases vary depending on the organism. In humans and other mammals, for example, the anatomical features of the respiratory system include airways,lungs, and the respiratory muscles. Molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous external environment and the blood.

Functions of Blood

Cells are continously adding waste products, secretions and metabolites to blood whil taking from it vital nutrients, oxygen, hormones and other substances.
Overall, blood performs the following functions:
1.
Transports oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and transports the waste products of cellular metabolism and nutrients, hormones and enzymes.
2.
Regulates blood clotting, body temperature, acid-base balance, water and electrolytes.
3.
Protects against harmful organisms through white cells and antibodies.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

-The central nervous system is divided in two parts: the brain and the spinal cord.

Ear

The ear is the organ that detects sound. The vertebrate ear shows a common biology from fish to humans, with variations in structure according to order and species. It not only acts as a receiver for sound, but plays a major role in the sense of balance and body position. The ear is part of the auditory system.

Eye

Eyes are organs that detect light, and send signals along the optic nerve to the visual and other areas of the brain. Complex optical systems with resolving power have come in ten fundamentally different forms, and 96% of animal species possess a complex optical system.

The simplest "eyes", such as those in unicellular organism, do nothing but detect whether the surroundings are light or dark, which is sufficient for the entrainment of circadian rhythms.

Nervous system and the senses

Central nervous system

The central nervous system is the part of the nervous system that functions to coordinate the activity of all parts of the bodies of multicellular organisms.

It contains the majority of the nervous system and consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous system

Together with the peripheral nervous system it has a fundamental role in the control of behavior.

The neurons can be functionally divide in three ways:
- Sensory (afferent) -> Carry information INTO the central nervous system from sense organs of motor. (efferent) -> Carry information away from the nervous system (for muscle control).
- Cranial -> Connects the brain with the periphery or spinal - connects he spinal cord with the periphery.
- Somatic -> Connects the skin or musclewith the central nervous system or visceral - connects the internal organs with the central nervous system.

Control Ciencies Naturals

1. Explica per què es considera la cèl·lula la unitat fonamental dels éssers vius.

Per què en la que estan formatis tots el teixits del nostre cos.

2. Escriu el nom dels orgànuls i de les parts de les cèl·lules eucariotes que es corresponen amb les funcions proposades

Digestió---------------------------------> Lysosomes

Locomoció------------------------------> Vesicles

Magatzem de nutrients---------------> Golgi Apparatus, Vacuoles

Fotosíntesi------------------------------> Chloroplast

Síntesi de proteïnes--------------------> Ribosomes

Suport de la cèl·lula-------------------> Cilia and Flagella

3. Fes una llista dels aparells i sistemes que formen el cos humà. Quines són els tres funcions vitals dels éssers vius? Quins aparells i sistemes participen en cadascuna d'elles. ( contesta al full apart.)

4. Relaciona els termes següents (escriu a la dreta de la segona columna què són):

Bacterium

Cell Heart

Tissue Onion Epidermis

Organ Red blood cell

Apparatus (organ system) A cat

Organism Nervous system

A potato plant

5. Indica si són veritables (V) o falses (F) les afirmacions següents.

The bigger animals have bigger cells than the smaller animals.

There are no organisms made up of only one cell.

Bacteria have no nucleus

The shape of cells is very varied.

Vegetables are made up of procaryotic cells.

All eucaryotic cells have cell organelles.

Procaryotic cells have got a cytoplasm.

We usually measure the length of a cell in centimetres.

6. Explain the most important differences between the two main kinds of cells:

	Procaryotic cells	Eucaryotic cells
Size
Nucleus
Organelles

Write down any other additional difference between them that it is worth mentioning.

8. Com es classifiquen els teixits del cos humà? Fes-ne un esquema o explica els quatre tipus bàsics de teixits i les seves diferents classes.

9. Label the illustration:

Cell: Activities.

- Activity 4:

· Search what procaryotic and eucaryotic cells have in common.

- Both have DNA as their genetic material (it’s DNA that tells cells what kind of cells they should be).

- Both are covered by a cell membrane.

- Both contain RNA.

- Both are made from the same basic chemicals: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid, minerals, fats and vitamins.

- Both have ribosomes (the structures on which proteins are made).

- Both regulate the flow of the nutrients and wastes that enter and leave them.

- Both have similar basic metabolism (life processes) like photosynthesis and reproduction.

- Both require a supply of energy.

- Both are highly regulated by elaborate sensing systems ("chemical noses”) that make them aware of the reactions within them and the environment around them.

· What are the differences?

- Structural Differences

Eukaryotic cells contain two important things that prokaryotic cells do not: a nucleus and organelles (little organs) with membranes around them.

- DNA arrangement

Although both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells contain DNA, the DNA in eukaryotic cells is held within the nucleus. In prokaryotic cells, the DNA floats freely around in a unorganized manner.

- Size

Eukaryotic cells are, on average, ten times larger than prokaryotic cells.

- Cell wall diferents

Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan (amino acid and sugar). Some eukaryotic cells also have cells walls, but none that are made of peptidoglycan.

- Age differences

- 4.6 billion years ago the Earth was formed
- 3.5 billion years ago the first life arose: prokaryotic bacteria
- 1.5 billion years ago eukaryotic cells arose
- 0.5 billion years ago the Cambrian explosion – multi-celled eukaryotes arose
- 3 million years ago our earliest ancestors, the hominids, appeared

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